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Fuel oil. An oil tanker taking on fuel, or "bunkering". Fuel oil is any of various fractions obtained from the distillation of petroleum (crude oil). Such oils include distillates (the lighter fractions) and residues (the heavier fractions). Fuel oils include heavy fuel oil (bunker fuel), marine fuel oil (MFO), furnace oil (FO), gas oil (gasoil ...
Bunkers (energy in transport) In energy statistics, marine bunkers and aviation bunkers[ 1] as defined by the International Energy Agency are the energy consumption of ships and aircraft. Marine and aviation bunkers are reported separately from international bunkers, which represent consumption of ships and aircraft on international routes.
A bunker quantity survey ( BQS ), also known as a bunker quantity audit or simply a bunker survey, is a quantitative examination and assessment of fuel oil ( bunker fuel) transferred from one party to another. In the maritime industry, a BQS is conducted when a supply vessel (typically a bunker barge or shore tank) delivers fuel oil to a ...
Heavy fuel oil. Heavy fuel oil (HFO) is a category of fuel oils of a tar -like consistency. Also known as bunker fuel, or residual fuel oil, HFO is the result or remnant from the distillation and cracking process of petroleum. For this reason, HFO is contaminated with several different compounds including aromatics, sulfur, and nitrogen, making ...
A second bunker called Valentin II was planned as well. [citation needed] The bunker is around 426 metres (1,398 ft) long and 97 metres (318 ft) wide at its widest point; the walls are 4.5 metres (15 ft) thick. The height of the structure is between 22.5 and 27 metres (74 and 89 ft). The roof was constructed using dozens of large, reinforced ...
Bunkering is the supplying of fuel for use by ships ( such fuel is referred to as bunker ), [ 1] including the logistics of loading and distributing the fuel among available shipboard tanks. [ 2] A person dealing in trade of bunker (fuel) is called a bunker trader. The term bunkering originated in the days of steamships, when coal was stored in ...
Bunker adjustment factor, bunker surcharge or BAF refers to the floating part of sea freight charges which represents additions due to oil prices. [1] BAF charges used to be determined by Carrier Conferences to be applicable for a certain period on a certain trade route . The European Commission banned Carrier Conferences as of October 17, 2008.
Rolls-Royce Marine Spey, a gas turbine developed by Rolls-Royce Holdings in the 1960s for marine propulsion. Marine propulsion is the mechanism or system used to generate thrust to move a watercraft through water. While paddles and sails are still used on some smaller boats, most modern ships are propelled by mechanical systems consisting of an ...