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2. Age-Related Eye Disease Study - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age-Related_Eye_Disease_Study

   The Age-Related Eye Disease Study ( AREDS) was a clinical trial sponsored by the National Eye Institute that ran from 1992 to 2001. [1] The study was designed to: investigate the natural history and risk factors of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts, and. evaluate the effects of high doses of antioxidants and zinc on the ...

3. meso-Zeaxanthin - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meso-Zeaxanthin

   Meso-Zeaxanthin ( 3R,3′S-Zeaxanthin) is a xanthophyll carotenoid, and is one of the three stereoisomers of zeaxanthin. The meso form is the second most abundant in nature, after 3R,3′R-zeaxanthin, which is produced by plants and algae. [1] meso -Zeaxanthin has been identified in specific tissues of marine organisms [2] and in the macula ...

4. Macular degeneration - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macular_degeneration

   In the AREDS-2 formulation, lutein (10 mg) and zeaxanthin (2 mg) replaced beta-carotene due to the risk of lung cancer in smokers taking beta-carotene. [2] There is some evidence to indicate that people with bilateral early or intermediate AMD, or intermediate AMD in one eye and advanced AMD in the other eye may benefit from vitamin and mineral ...

5. Zeaxanthin - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeaxanthin

   Zeaxanthin is one of the most common carotenoids in nature, and is used in the xanthophyll cycle. Synthesized in plants and some micro-organisms, it is the pigment that gives paprika (made from bell peppers), corn, saffron, goji ( wolfberries ), and many other plants and microbes their characteristic color. [1] [2]

6. Lutein - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutein

   Lutein ( / ˈljuːtiɪn, - tiːn /; [2] from Latin luteus meaning "yellow") is a xanthophyll and one of 600 known naturally occurring carotenoids. Lutein is synthesized only by plants, and like other xanthophylls is found in high quantities in green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale and yellow carrots. In green plants, xanthophylls act to ...

7. Carotenoid - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotenoid

   In plants, the xanthophyll lutein is the most abundant carotenoid and its role in preventing age-related eye disease is currently under investigation. [5] Lutein and the other carotenoid pigments found in mature leaves are often not obvious because of the masking presence of chlorophyll. When chlorophyll is not present, as in autumn foliage ...