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Spin (physics) Spin is an intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by elementary particles, and thus by composite particles such as hadrons, atomic nuclei, and atoms. [1] [2] : 183 –184 Spin is quantized, and accurate models for the interaction with spin require relativistic quantum mechanics or quantum field theory .
The component of the spin along a specified axis is given by the spin magnetic quantum number, conventionally written m s. [1] [2] The value of m s is the component of spin angular momentum, in units of the reduced Planck constant ħ , parallel to a given direction (conventionally labelled the z –axis).
Spin is the fundamental property that distinguishes the two types of elementary particles: fermions, with half-integer spins; and bosons, with integer spins. Photons, which are the quanta of light, have been long recognized as spin-1 gauge bosons. The polarization of the light is commonly accepted as its “intrinsic” spin degree of freedom.
Spin- 1 2 objects are all fermions (a fact explained by the spin–statistics theorem) and satisfy the Pauli exclusion principle. Spin- 1 2 particles can have a permanent magnetic moment along the direction of their spin, and this magnetic moment gives rise to electromagnetic interactions that depend on the spin.
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t. e. In quantum physics, the spin–orbit interaction (also called spin–orbit effect or spin–orbit coupling) is a relativistic interaction of a particle's spin with its motion inside a potential. A key example of this phenomenon is the spin–orbit interaction leading to shifts in an electron 's atomic energy levels, due to electromagnetic ...
The spin–statistics theorem proves that the observed relationship between the intrinsic spin of a particle ( angular momentum not due to the orbital motion) and the quantum particle statistics of collections of such particles is a consequence of the mathematics of quantum mechanics. In units of the reduced Planck constant ħ, all particles ...
Definition. A spin structure on an orientable Riemannian manifold with an oriented vector bundle is an equivariant lift of the orthonormal frame bundle with respect to the double covering . In other words, a pair is a spin structure on the SO ( n )-principal bundle when. a) is a principal Spin ( n )-bundle over , and.