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Terminology. Myocardial infarction (MI) refers to tissue death ( infarction) of the heart muscle ( myocardium) caused by ischemia, the lack of oxygen delivery to myocardial tissue. It is a type of acute coronary syndrome, which describes a sudden or short-term change in symptoms related to blood flow to the heart. [22]
Cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest, also known as sudden cardiac arrest, is when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating. [11] [1] As a result, blood cannot properly circulate around the body and there is diminished blood flow to the brain and other organs. When the brain does not receive enough blood, this can cause a person to lose ...
Coronary thrombosis is most commonly caused as a downstream effect of atherosclerosis, a buildup of cholesterol and fats in the artery walls. The smaller vessel diameter allows less blood to flow and facilitates progression to a myocardial infarction. Leading risk factors for coronary thrombosis are high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ...
Cyanide is a potent cytochrome c oxidase (COX, a.k.a. Complex IV) inhibitor, causing asphyxiation of cells. As such, cyanide poisoning is a form of histotoxic hypoxia, because it interferes with the ability of cells to take or use oxygen via oxidative phosphorylation. [25] : 1475.
Necrosis (from Ancient Greek νέκρωσης (nékrōsis) 'death') is a form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis. [1] The term "necrosis" came about in the mid-19th century and is commonly attributed to German pathologist Rudolf Virchow, who is often regarded as one of the founders of ...
Coronary artery disease (CAD), also called coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), [13] myocardial ischemia, [14] or simply heart disease, involves the reduction of blood flow to the cardiac muscle due to build-up of atherosclerotic plaque in the arteries of the heart. [5] [6] [15] It is the most common of the cardiovascular ...
Thrombosis (from Ancient Greek θρόμβωσις (thrómbōsis) 'clotting') is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. When a blood vessel (a vein or an artery) is injured, the body uses platelets (thrombocytes) and fibrin to form a blood clot to prevent blood loss.
New research finds that a bout of anger impairs blood vessel function which can raise the risk of atherosclerosis, which in turn raises heart disease risk. New research shows how a surge of anger ...