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  2. Face value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_value

    The face value, sometimes called nominal value, is the value of a coin, bond, stamp or paper money as printed on the coin, stamp or bill itself [1] by the issuing authority. The face value of coins, stamps, or bill is usually its legal value. However, their market value need not bear any relationship to the face value.

  3. Validity (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Validity_(statistics)

    Validity (statistics) Validity is the main extent to which a concept, conclusion, or measurement is well-founded and likely corresponds accurately to the real world. [1] [2] The word "valid" is derived from the Latin validus, meaning strong. The validity of a measurement tool (for example, a test in education) is the degree to which the tool ...

  4. Statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics

    Statistics is a mathematical body of science that pertains to the collection, analysis, interpretation or explanation, and presentation of data, [8] or as a branch of mathematics. [9] Some consider statistics to be a distinct mathematical science rather than a branch of mathematics. While many scientific investigations make use of data ...

  5. Mathematical statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_statistics

    Mathematical statistics is the application of probability theory, a branch of mathematics, to statistics, as opposed to techniques for collecting statistical data. Specific mathematical techniques which are used for this include mathematical analysis, linear algebra, stochastic analysis, differential equations, and measure theory. [1] [2]

  6. Glossary of probability and statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_probability...

    1) is defined as the middle data point or value that is halfway between the smallest value (minimum) and the median of the dataset, such that 25 percent of the data lies below this quartile. The second quartile (. Q {\displaystyle Q} 2) is the median itself, with 50 percent of the data below this point.

  7. Foundations of statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundations_of_statistics

    The foundations of statistics consist of the mathematical and philosophical basis for arguments and inferences made using statistics. This includes the justification for the methods of statistical inference, estimation and hypothesis testing, the quantification of uncertainty in the conclusions of statistical arguments, and the interpretation ...

  8. Glossary of mathematical symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical...

    Glossary of mathematical symbols. A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various ...

  9. Statistical model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_model

    A statistical model is a mathematical model that embodies a set of statistical assumptions concerning the generation of sample data (and similar data from a larger population ). A statistical model represents, often in considerably idealized form, the data-generating process. [1] When referring specifically to probabilities, the corresponding ...