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  2. Face value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face_value

    The face value, sometimes called nominal value, is the value of a coin, bond, stamp or paper money as printed on the coin, stamp or bill itself [1] by the issuing authority. The face value of coins, stamps, or bill is usually its legal value. However, their market value need not bear any relationship to the face value.

  3. Duration (finance) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duration_(finance)

    v. t. e. In finance, the duration of a financial asset that consists of fixed cash flows, such as a bond, is the weighted average of the times until those fixed cash flows are received. When the price of an asset is considered as a function of yield, duration also measures the price sensitivity to yield, the rate of change of price with respect ...

  4. Mathematical economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_economics

    e. Mathematical economics is the application of mathematical methods to represent theories and analyze problems in economics. Often, these applied methods are beyond simple geometry, and may include differential and integral calculus, difference and differential equations, matrix algebra, mathematical programming, or other computational methods.

  5. Real and nominal value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_and_nominal_value

    The real value is the value expressed in terms of purchasing power in the base year. The index price divided by its base-year value gives the growth factor of the price index. Real values can be found by dividing the nominal value by the growth factor of a price index. Using the price index growth factor as a divisor for converting a nominal ...

  6. Fisher equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher_equation

    Fisher equation. In financial mathematics and economics, the Fisher equation expresses the relationship between nominal interest rates, real interest rates, and inflation. Named after Irving Fisher, an American economist, it can be expressed as real interest rate ≈ nominal interest rate − inflation rate. [1] [2]

  7. Present value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Present_value

    Present value. In economics and finance, present value ( PV ), also known as present discounted value, is the value of an expected income stream determined as of the date of valuation. The present value is usually less than the future value because money has interest -earning potential, a characteristic referred to as the time value of money ...

  8. Economic model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_model

    v. t. e. An economic model is a theoretical construct representing economic processes by a set of variables and a set of logical and/or quantitative relationships between them. The economic model is a simplified, often mathematical, framework designed to illustrate complex processes. Frequently, economic models posit structural parameters. [1]

  9. Trade-off - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade-off

    Trade-off. A trade-off (or tradeoff) is a situational decision that involves diminishing or losing on quality, quantity, or property of a set or design in return for gains in other aspects. In simple terms, a tradeoff is where one thing increases, and another must decrease. Tradeoffs stem from limitations of many origins, including simple ...